How to find gold

and what to look for

Select a spot in a creek or river and look where the current abruptly slows down and not where the water is running swiftly. As gold is heavy it will drop to the river floor whenever the speed of the current diminishes. Look for the eddies behind a large boulder where the current swirls back towards the boulder. The coarser gold will be deposited where the current slows down. The upstream side of a sandbar or a large rock momentarily stops the heavier gold particles allowing them to sink. Sharp bends in the stream is another accumulation site. In Switzerland one of the larger deposits have been found around the moss, rocks and boulders just above the streams bank.

Gold that gets deposited in the flow of water will gradually sink deeper into the sand and gravel. There it gets stopped by bedrock or a clay creek bottom.

Test pan where a tributary stream or a dry gulch joins your stream.

Heavy rains tend to move gold downstream. If this is followed by a drought, the central portion of the creek or river can be more easily reached, where the heavier larger particles usually reside. Look for cracks in the exposed bedrock
which will have acted as a natural sluice box. Your biggest nuggets are going to be close to bedrock or in bedrock crevices.
Gold deposits in ancient stream beds which no longer contain water are known as "dry placers."

Gold panning preparation

Before you start there are a few things to prepare. If you have purchased a new pan it must be cleaned to get rid of the oils used in manufacturing it. The easiest way is to throw a hand full of salt into the pan and let rest for a few days outdoors. A black plastic pan is best and picks up the smallest of gold particles.

Sifting the gravel first with a wire screen will remove the larger rock segments. Beginners use small amounts of gravel. First hold the pan just under the water's surface and break up all lumps while stirring the gravel with your hands. Pick out the larger stones by hand. Move the pan under the water gently in a circular movement, dropping the far side to permit the gravel to wash over the edge very gentle. Gold which is heavier will not wash out but drop to the bottom of the pan. Continue swirling the pan until only black sand and small pebbles remain.

Black sand (magnetite, iron oxide) is almost as heavy as gold. This usually accompanies placer gold.

Gold flakes can be picked out with tweezers but smaller findes are picked up with snuffer bottles. Panning requires very little equipment and gives many hours of pleasure.

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